Data Manipulation Language (DML)

DML Commands:

  • These Commands are used to manage and manipulate data within existing database tables.
  • DML commands are essential for everyday database operations, such as adding new customer records, updating product prices, or deleting obsolete data.
  • They are typically used within transactions to ensure data consistency and integrity, allowing multiple operations to be committed or rolled back as a single unit.

 

The following are the DML Commands:

 

  • INSERT
  • UPDATE
  • DELETE
  • SELECT

 

INSERT:

The INSERT INTO Statement is used to insert New Records in a Table.

Syntax:

INSERT INTO table_name (column1, column2, …)

VALUES (value1, value2, …);

 

Example:

INSERT the data only specified Columns:

 

If you want add data only specific columns you can do it.

Here is the Example:

 

INSERT into Employee(FirstName,LastName,City)

Values(‘santhosh’,’kumar’,’vijyawada’);

 

INSERT Multiple Rows at a time:

 

We can also insert multiple rows in a single statement.

 

Example:

INSERT into Employee(FirstName,LastName,City)

Values(‘santhosh’,’kumar’,’vijyawada’),

(‘Ganesh’,’kumar’,’guntur’),

(‘prasad’,’kumar’,’vijayawada’);

 

NOTE:

We have to separate each set of values with comma.

 

UPDATE Command:

 

This Command is used to modify the existing Records in a Table.

 

Syntax:

 

UPDATE table_name

SET column1 = value1, column2 = value2, …

WHERE condition;

 

Example:

The following update statement is updating with new Email

 

UPDATE Employee

SET Email = ‘new_email@example.com’

WHERE EmpID = 101;

 

UPDATE Multiple Columns:

 

Example:

 

UPDATE Employee

SET Salary = 23000,

       Bonus = salary + 1000;

WHERE EmpID = 102;

 

Key Points:

 

  • Always specify the table to update using UPDATE table_name.
  • Use the SET clause to indicate which columns and values to modify.
  • Use the WHERE clause to target specific rows for updating (if needed).

 

DELETE Command:

 

This command is used to delete exciting Records or data from a Table.

 

Syntax:

DELETE FROM table_name

WHERE condition;

 

Example:

If you want to delete a specific record from a table

 

Delete from Employee

Where FirstName = ‘Ganesh’;

NOTE: if you don’t specify ‘Where’ Condition then all the records will be delete.

 

SELECT Command:

 

This command is used to retrieve data from the Database.

 

Syntax:

 

SELECT column1, column2, …

FROM table_name;

 

Example:

 

Retrieve all the Records from a table:

 

Select * from Employee;

          To retrieve specific columns from a Table:

          SELECT FirstName, LastName, Email FROM Employee;

          Filter Results with the Condition:

         SELECT * FROM Employee WHERE Salary > 25000;

 

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